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T.E. BIOLOGÍA COMPARADA – BIOLOGÍA FLORAL Y POLINIZACIÓN EN PLANTAS DE CULTIVO (DBI – 4182)

Docente responsable: Prof. Dr. Luiz Antonio de Souza

Docentes colaboradores:

Dr. J. Hugo Cota-Sánchez (Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Canadá)

Dr. Odair José García de Almeida (UNESP, IB/Campus do Litoral Paulista)

Carga horaria: 3 créditos – 45 h – Tópicos especiales

  1. SÍNTESIS / 2. OBJETIVOS / 3. PROGRAMA / 4. BIBLIOGRAFÍA / 5. CRITERIOS DE EVALUACIÓN
  2. SÍNTESIS

 Estudio de la diversidad floral, mecanismos de polinización y principales sistemas sexuales y estrategias reproductivas de plantas con semillas, con énfasis en angiospermas y plantas de cultivo. Con un énfasis creciente en la evolución floral y la biología de la polinización y reproducción de las plantas, y la ciencia de las semillas.

  1. OBJETIVO

Estudiar la biología reproductiva vegetal, con énfasis en plantas de cultivo y otras angiospermas.

  1. PROGRAMA

Biología reproductiva y sistemática vegetal

Estructura y función de la flor: revisión y discusión general

Base botánica y diversidad de clasificación floral.

Evolución de las flores y evidencia fósil

La diversidad floral de angiospermas y el modelo ABCD de desarrollo floral

Recompensas florales y polinizadores

Nectarios florales y extraflorales; estructura y función; distribución filogenética

Sistemas sexuales en plantas

Dichogamy: protrandry y protogyny

Síndromes de polinización: polinización abiótica y biótica. Distribución taxonómica

Polinización y agricultura. Producción de frutas

Desarrollo de frutas y frutas

Viviparidad en plantas

Conservación de polinizadores y servicios de polinizadores para el ecosistema y la sociedad

Implicaciones del cambio climático en los polinizadores, los cultivos y la seguridad alimentaria

  1. BIBLIOGRAFIA

Allard, R.W. 1999. Principles of plant breeding. John Wiley & Sons.

Almeida, O.J.G., Cota-Sánchez, J.H., and Paoli, A.A.S. 2013. The systematic significance of floral morphology, nectaries, and sugar nectar concentration in epiphytic cacti of tribes Hylocereeae and Rhipsalideae (Cactaceae). Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 15: 255-268. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2013.08.001.

Almeida, O.J.G., Paoli, A.A., and J.H. Cota-Sánchez, J.H. 2012. A macro- and micromorphological survey of floral and extrafloral nectaries in the epiphytic cactus Rhipsalis teres (Cactoideae: Rhipsalideae). Flora 207: 119-125.

Almeida, O.J.G., Souza, L.A., Paoli, AA.S., Davis, A.R., Cota-Sánchez, J.H. 2018. Pericarp development in fruits of epiphytic cacti. Botany 96: 621-635. doi: https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2018-0074.

Anderson, G.J., Johnson, S.D., Neal, P.R. and Bernardello, G. 2002. Reproductive biology and plant systematics: the growth of a symbiotic association. Taxon 51: 637-653.

Armbruster, W.S. and Muchhala, N., 2009. Associations between floral specialization and species diversity: cause, effect, or correlation? Evolutionary Ecology, 23: 159-179.

Barrett, S.C.H. 2010. Understanding plant reproductive versatility. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 365: 99-109. Doi: 10.1098/rstb.2009.0199.

Barrett SCH. 2013. The evolution of plant reproductive systems: how often are transitions irreversible? Proceedings of the Royal Society B 280: 20130913. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.0913.

Becerra, J.X.I. and Venable, D.L. 1989. Extrafloral nectaries: a defense against ant-homoptera mutualisms? Oikos 55: 276–280.

Bernardello, G. 2007. A systematic survey of floral nectaries. In: Nicolson, S.W., Nepi, M., Pacini, E. (Eds.), Nectaries and Nectar. Springer, Berlin, pp. 19-128.

Bertin, R.I. and Newman, C.M. 1993. Dichogamy in angiosperms. The Botanical Review 59: 112-152.

Bowman, J.L., Smyth, D.R., and Meyerowitz, E.M. 2012. The ABC model of flower development: then and now. Development 139: 4095-4098. Doi:10.1242/dev.083972.

Busch, A. and Zachgo, S. 2009. Flower symmetry evolution: towards understanding the abominable mystery of angiosperm radiation. Bioessays 31: 1181-1190.

Charlesworth, D. 2006. Evolution of plant breeding systems. Current Biology 16: R726-R735.

Cota-Sánchez, J.H. 2004. Vivipary in the Cactaceae: its taxonomic occurrence and biological significance. Flora 199: 481-490.

Cota-Sánchez, J.H.,2017. Precocious germination (Vivipary) in tomato: a link to economic loss? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences, pp.1-9.

Cota-Sánchez, J.H. and Abreu, D.D. 2007. Vivipary and offspring survival in the epiphytic cactus Epiphyllum phyllanthus (Cactaceae). Journal of Experimental Botany 58: 3865-3873.

Cota-Sánchez, J.H., Almeida, O.J.G., Falconer, D.J., Choi, H.J., and Lewis, B. 2013. Intriguing thigmonastic (sensitive) stamens in the Plains Prickly Pear Opuntia polyacantha (Cactaceae). Flora 208: 381-389. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2013.04.009.

Cota‐Sánchez, J.H., Reyes‐Olivas, Á. and Sánchez‐Soto, B. 2007. Vivipary in coastal cacti: a potential reproductive strategy in halophytic environments. American Journal of Botany 94: 1577-1581.

Damerval, C. and Becker, A. 2017. Genetics of flower development in Ranunculales - a new, basal eudicot model order for studying flower evolution. New Phytologist. Doi: 10.1111/nph.14401.

Elias, T.S. 1983. Extrafloral nectaries: their structure and distribution. In: Bentley B, Elias TS. eds. The biology of nectaries. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.

Endress, P.K. 2001. Origins of flower morphology. Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological Genetics and Physiology 291: 105-115.

Endress, P.K. 2010. Flower structure and trends of evolution in eudicots and their major subclades. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 97: 541-583.

Endress, P.K. 2011. Evolutionary diversification of the flowers in angiosperms. American Journal of Botany 98: 370-396.

Endress, P.K. 2012. The immense diversity of floral monosymmetry and asymmetry across angiosperms. The Botanical Review 78: 345-397.

Eriksson, O. and Bremer, B. 1992. Pollination systems, dispersal modes, life forms, and diversification rates in angiosperm families. Evolution 46: 258-266. Doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1992.tb02000.x.

Fahn, A. 1952. On the structure of floral nectaries. Botanical Gazette 113: 464-470.

Festner C.B., Armbruster, W.S., Wilson, P., Dudash, M.R., and Thomson, J.D. 2004. Pollination syndromes and floral specialization. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 35: 375-403.

Friedman, J. and Barrett, S.C. 2008. A phylogenetic analysis of the evolution of wind pollination in the angiosperms. International Journal of Plant Sciences 169(1): 49-58.

Frohlich, M.W. 2003. Opinion: an evolutionary scenario for the origin of flowers. Nature Reviews. Genetics 4: 559-566.

Gutiérrez-Flores, C., Cota-Sánchez, J.H., León-de la Luz, J.L., and García-De León, J.F. 2017. Disparity in floral traits and breeding systems in the iconic columnar cactus Pachycereus pringlei (Cactaceae). Flora 235: 18-28.

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Keeler, K.H. 2008. World list of plants with extrafloral nectaries.

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Lloyd, D.G. and Webb, C.J., 1986. The avoidance of interference between the presentation of pollen and stigmas in angiosperms I. Dichogamy. New Zealand Journal of Botany 24: 135-162.

Marazzi, B., Bronstein, J.L., and Koptur, S. 2013. The diversity, ecology and evolution of extrafloral nectaries: current perspectives and future challenges. Annals of Botany 111: 1243-1250.

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Rosado, A., Vera-Vélez, R., Cota-Sánchez, J.H. 2018. Floral morphology and reproductive biology in selected maple (Acer L.) species (Sapindaceae). Brazilian Journal of Botany 41: 361-374.

Rudall, P.J., Manning, J.C. and Goldblatt, P. 2003. Evolution of floral nectaries in Iridaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 90: 613-631.

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  1. CRITERIOS DE EVALUACIÓN

La evaluación considerará los siguientes criterios: asistencia a clase, participación y discusión; Discusión de artículos; Proyecto y diseño por grupo / equipo; Proyecto escrito; Presentación oral final.